Ethiopia

Isidore of Seville defines Ethiopia as the land “next to Egypt between the Nile and the Ocean, in the south very close to the sun”: Etymologies 9.2.128, ed. Barney et al. (2006), p. 199. On medieval Ethiopia, see Samantha Kelly, ed., A Companion to Medieval Ethiopia and Eritrea (Leiden: Brill, 2020); Verena Krebs, Medieval Ethiopian Kingship, Craft, and Diplomacy with Latin Europe (Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2021); and on Africa more generally, François-Xavier Fauvelle-Aymar et al., The Golden Rhinoceros: Histories of the African Middle Ages (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2018).  See also Sahara Desert.